Chazakah não obtém com uma marzev [uma pequena bica colocada no final de uma calha do telhado], mas obtém com seu lugar. [Se houvesse uma marzev ali, e o dono do pátio viesse removê-la completamente, para que as águas do telhado não derramassem em seu pátio, ele não poderia fazê-lo; pois o outro já tem um chazakah que suas águas do telhado derramam daquele marzev. Mas se ele veio para dar a volta, por exemplo, se estivesse posicionado no sul, e ele veio para posicioná-lo no norte, o dono do marzev não pode detê-lo, pois ele não perde nada com isso, e ele não tem chazakah que estava sempre posicionado de um lado. "marzev"—o local de onde flui a gota de chuva. "mar" = uma gota, como em (Isaías 40:15): "Eis que as nações são como uma gota (mar) de um balde."] Chazakah consegue com uma mazchilah [uma calha do telhado. Sendo um objeto fixo, possui um chazakah.] O chazakah não é obtido com uma escada egípcia. [Como é pequeno e não é fixo, alguém não se opõe a colocá-lo em seu pátio para subir ao seu próprio telhado ou cômoda, pelo que não possui chazakah.] Chazakah não consegue com uma janela egípcia. [Uma pequena abertura, não grande o suficiente para passar pela cabeça de um homem, não tem chazakah. E se o dono do pátio quiser construir em frente à janela e bloqueá-la, o proprietário da janela não poderá dizer a ele: "Eu já tenho um chazakah e você não pode bloqueá-lo". Pois o outro pode dizer a ele: "Só permiti porque não me causou danos". E mesmo assim, se ele quisesse, ele poderia impedi-lo de fazê-lo em primeiro lugar, mesmo que fosse superior a quatro côvados. Pois ele poderia ter lhe dito: "(eu me oponho), pois você pode colocar um banco embaixo da janela para olhar para mim". E depois de ter permitido que ele fizesse isso também, ele não tem chazakah.] E o chazakah obtém uma janela tiriana, [uma abertura na qual a cabeça de um homem pode caber, mesmo que seja superior a quatro côvados. Ou uma abertura feita para admitir luz, mesmo que seja muito pequena. Ou uma janela abaixo de quatro côvados. Todas essas três aberturas—Se alguém permitir que eles sejam feitos, chazakah obtém com eles, e ele (o dono do pátio) não pode mais construir em frente a eles e bloqueá-los. Pois o chazakah obtém onde há (aquiescência) danos, com exceção de (danos de) fumaça, poeira e energia (isto é, um odor desagradável), o chazakah não obtém com esses três, mesmo após a passagem de muitos anos. Mas o chazakah obtém com (aquiescência em) danos à vista. E três anos de chazakah não são necessários para danos; mas obtém assim que ele (o "danificador") pode dizer ao danificado: "Você sofreu o dano e não protestou".]] Qual é uma janela egípcia? O que quer que a cabeça de um homem não possa passar. R. Yehudah diz: Se ele tem uma moldura, [como um lintel acima e uma cruz abaixo], mesmo que a cabeça de um homem não possa passar, o chazakah consegue. Um ziz [madeira ou pedra que se projeta de uma parede para o pátio do vizinho], até um passo de mão, chazakah consegue com ele. [Se for um comprimento de mão ou mais, o chazakah obtém com ele e o proprietário do pátio não pode construir contra ele e bloquear o ziz, o outro tendo um chazakah.] E ele pode protestar. [Se o proprietário desejar inserir um ziz, uma largura de mão ou mais, o proprietário do pátio poderá protestar contra isso.] Com menos de uma largura de mão, o chazakah não obtém e ele não pode protestar. [Se for menor que uma largura de mão, não é um objeto fixo, pelo que a chazakah não a obtém, de modo que o outro possa construir contra ela e bloqueá-la. E se o proprietário do muro deseja inserir um ziz desse tipo, o proprietário do pátio não pode detê-lo.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מרזב – a small spout, that they place it at the end of the large spout that goes all around the perimeter of the roof.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Introduction
Mishnah six continues to discuss what types of activities can create chazakah.
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אין לו חזקה ויש למקומו חזקה – if there was a there a spout and the owner of the courtyard came to uproot it completely, so that the water of he roof would not spill into his courtyard, he is not able to do so, for he already has possession for this that the root waters spill via that spout, but if he comes to reverse it, that it was placed in the southern direction and he comes to place it in the northern direction, the owner of the movable tube attached to the roof gutters cannot delay it, for it is not something that causes him loss, and he lacks possession, for it will always stand in that direction.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
Our mishnah continues to discuss the same issue as we discussed in the previous mishnah: which acts entail possession in order to establish the right to continue to do the acts after a period of three years. If the act is considered a sign of possession than the owner of the item can tell others that they may not use the object. Since if another person uses the object he will establish the right to continue to do so in the future, it makes sense that the owner can prevent them from usage in the present. If, however, the act is relatively insignificant, and will not lead to the right to continue to do the act in the future, than the owner cannot prevent others from doing so in the present. We will now explain each section separately.
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מרזב – the place where the drop of rain water flows from it. [The word] מר /bitter is a טפה/droop, like (Isaiah 40:15): “The nations are but a drop in a bucket.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
A gutter spout cannot cause title through possession [so that the spout may still be moved] but title through possession may be claimed to its place [so that the place must be left for its present purpose]. A gutter spout is a tiny pipe on the edge of a larger gutter pipe which would be on the roof to allow drainage of water. If the spout, which belongs to one person, is draining into another’s courtyard the owner of the courtyard can direct the spout out of his courtyard and this will not establish possession over the spout. He cannot, however, totally remove the spout for the mere existence or non-existence of the spout is a sign of possession. If he were to remove the spout and the owner were not to protest, the owner would not be able to protest after three years.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מזחילה – a large spout that supports all the length of the roof. This is a something fixed, therefore it has presumed possession.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
A gutter can give title through possession. A gutter (larger than the spout) is a sign of possession. Therefore the owner of a courtyard cannot even direct another person’s gutter, for if the owner were not to protest after three years he would lose his right to do so.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
סולם [המצרי] – small and is not fixed, and no one is strict about it if one puts it into the courtyard of his fellow in order to ascend on it to his roof or to the dovecote. Therefore, it does not have presumption of possession.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
An Egyptian ladder cannot give title through possession but a Tyrian ladder can. An Egyptian ladder is a small ladder used on a temporary basis. Placing one in another person’s courtyard is not a significant act. If Reuven were to place his Egyptian ladder on Shimon’s property for three years, Shimon could still protest after three years. However, the use of a Tyrian ladder, which is large, is a significant act. If a person were to use it in another’s courtyard for three years then the owner of the courtyard could not subsequently protest.
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חלון המצרי – a small window where the head of person cannot enter it,
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
An Egyptian window cannot give title through possession but a Tyrian window can. What is an Egyptian window? Any through which a man’s head may not enter. Rabbi Judah says: “If it has a frame, even though a man’s head cannot enter through it, it can give title through possession.” An Egyptian window is a small window. If Reuven were to open an Egyptian window in the wall of his courtyard and it were to exist for three years, Shimon could still subsequently block the window. Even though Shimon did not protest for three years, there are no subsequent rights caused by a small window. However, a Tyrian window which is large, does cause subsequent rights. If Reuven were to open a Tyrian window in the wall of his courtyard and it were to exist for three years, Shimon could not subsequently block the window. If he wished to protest he should have done so during the three years.
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he has no presumption of possession, but if the owner of the courtyard wanted to build opposite the widow and to close it up, the owner of the window cannot say: “I have already taken possession of it and you cannot close it up.” And he said to him this: “You were not appeased other than that I didn’t have any damages in it, and even so, if he had wanted from the outset, when he opened it up, he could have delayed it that he would not open it. And even if it was higher than four cubits, for he could have said to him, lest you place a small bench near the window so that you can look at me, and after he placed it [also] he opened it, he has no presumption of possession.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
A projection, if it extends a handbreadth or more can give title through possession, and the other [into whose premises it projects] can protest against it. But if it is less than a handbreadth it cannot give title through possession and the other cannot protest against it. If Reuven were to build a wall that had a projection on it, such as a stray piece of wood or stone, longer than a handbreadth and that projection were to extend onto Shimon’s property, and Shimon did not protest for three years, he could no longer protest. Since this is an intrusive projection, we also allow Shimon to force Reuven to take it down, provided he protest within three years. A smaller projection is different. If it were to extend less than one handbreadth into Shimon’s property, Shimon may not protest. However, even after three years Shimon could take down the projection, or otherwise block it, since there is no assumption of possession.
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ולצורית יש לו חזקה – a window where the head of a person can enter into it, and even where it is higher than four cubits, or a window that is made of for its light, and even if it is very small, or a window which is lower than four cubits, each one of these three windows, if he left it and opened it, he has possession, but furthermore, he is not able to build opposite it and close it up, for there is possession for damages except for fumigating and dust and the bathroom, meaning to say, bad smell, for these three [things] do not have presumption of possession, even if he held them several years. But damage is a proof that he has possession, and he doesn’t need possession for damages for three years but when damage occurs, in order that he can say to the one who suffered damage: “you already knew of this damage and didn’t protest, this is possession.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
מלבן – a building from outside like a kind of lintel from above or a lower door-sill from below.
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זיז – wood or stone that projects out from its wall to the airspace of his fellow’s courtyard. If it has a handbreadth or more, he has possession and the owner of the courtyard opposite to him cannot build to close the projection [serving as a shed over the entrance], after he has taken possession of it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
ויכול למחות בו – when the owner of the wall comes to remove the projection which has a handbreadth or more, the owner of the courtyard can protest it that he should not remove it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
פחות מטפח – this is not a matter of being fixed. Therefore, he does not have possession, and he can build opposite him and close it up, and when the owner of the wall comes to remove it ab initio, the owner of the courtyard cannot prevent it.
